Journal: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
Article Title: mRNA vaccine expressing enterovirus D68 virus-like particles induces potent neutralizing antibodies and protects against infection
doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102731
Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA vaccine expressing VLP induced cellular immunity, contributing to CD8 T + cell-dependent cross-protection against CVB3 (A) IFN-γ response in splenocytes. The mRNA vaccine (P1:3CD = 1:1 on weight, total 2 μg of mRNA) and IWV (2 μg of protein) immunizations were performed twice before the splenocytes were collected. The splenocytes were cultured in the absence (non-treat) or presence of a mixture of recombinant 3C and 3D, 3C, or 3D protein of EV-D68, and the IFN-γ in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. Points are presented as individual data, and lines are presented as the median. Dotted lines indicate detection limits. (B) Experiment schema for (C–E). The P1 or 3CD mRNA vaccine (1 μg of mRNA per dose) immunizations were performed twice, and CVB3 challenge was started on day 30. For CD4 + or CD8 + T cell depletion, mice vaccinated with 3CD mRNA were administered anti-CD4 (αCD4), anti-CD8 (αCD8), or their isotype control antibodies 1 day before the challenge. (C) The weight change after CVB3 challenge. (D, E) Influence of CD4 + or CD8 + T cell depletion on the efficacy of EV-D68 3CD against CVB3 challenge. (C–E) Data are shown as means ± SD. Dotted line represents the humane endpoint. (A) ∗∗ p < 0.01; ns, not significant as indicated by Tukey’s test. (C) # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001; #### p < 0.0001 as indicated by Dunnett’s test compared with 3CD. Black symbols show significance of PBS against 3CD, and red symbols show significance of P1 against 3CD. (D, E) § p < 0.05; §§§ p < 0.001; as indicated by Šidák’s test compared with isotype control group.
Article Snippet: For CD8 + T cell depletion, 100 μg of anti-mouse CD8β antibody (catalog number #BE0223, clone: 53-5.8, Bio X Cell) or IgG1 isotype control (catalog number #BE0088, clone: HRPN, Bio X Cell) was administered intraperitoneally 1 day before the challenge.
Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control